Caracterización de pacientes con gonartrosis de rodilla. Centro de Diagnóstico Integral “Concepción”

Introduction: Gonarthrosis of the knee is a chronic inflammatory condition presents in patients over 40; obesity as risk factor is of increasing interest for health systems and according to World Health Statistics of the World Health Organization, Venezuela is the country of South America with the highest rates of this condition. Statistics of the National Institute of Nutrition of Venezuela show that Zulia rates are over the national average with 35% of obese. In the practice of Traumatology of La Cañada Municipality we have observed a high incidence of patients with overweight and it stimulated us to do the present study. Objective: to characterize the patients with Gonarthrosis of knee those were attended in the CDC. Material and Methods: a descriptive transversal study was conducted in the CDC of La Cañada de Urdaneta Municipality, Zulia Province, Venezuela from January 2012 to December 2014 with a sample of 360 patients out of a universe of 6740. Results: the lowest age was 35 years and the highest 93, mean 55.5 years. 86.6% were female and half of the patients had family history of osteoarthritis of the knee, while 93% were overweight. Chief complain of 60% of the patients was pain for one year or less. 49 % of the cases showed severe to moderate X ray signs as well as decrease of the muscular force of lower limbs in 71% of the patients. Conclusions: the risk factor most influenced was increased BMI in patients with Gonarthrosis. Keywords: gonarthrosis of the knee, risk factors, obesity, body mass index.Introducción: La gonartrosis es una afección inflamatoria crónica que afecta a pacientes de más de 40 años de edad, la obesidad como factor de riesgo ha adquirido interés sanitario y de acuerdo con el informe Estadísticas Sanitarias Mundiales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Venezuela es el primer país con esta enfermedad en Suramérica. Las estadísticas del Instituto Nacional de Nutrición de Venezuela, demuestran que Zulia sobrepasa la media nacional con 35% de obesos. Lo que motivó el estudio. Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes con osteoartritis de rodilla que asistieron a consulta en el Centro de Diagnóstico Integral. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en el Centro de Diagnóstico Integral Concepción, del municipio La Cañada de Urdaneta, en el Estado Zulia, Venezuela, de enero 2012 a diciembre 2014. El universo fue de 6 740 pacientes,la muestra fue de 360. Resultados: La edad mínima fue de 35 años, la máxima de 93, para una media de 55.5 años de edad. Predominó el sexo femenino con 86.6%; la mitad de los pacientes presentaron antecedentes familiares de gonartrosis, 93% presentó sobrepeso. El 60% de los pacientes refirieron presentar dolor desde hacía un año o menos, la imagen radiográfica fue moderada o severa en 49% de los casos, hubo disminución de la fuerza muscular en 71% de las rodillas examinadas. Conclusión: El factor de riesgo que más se asoció fue el aumento del Índice de Masa Corporal en los pacientes con osteoartritis de rodilla. Palabras clave: Gonartrosis, factores predisponentes, osteoartritis de rodilla, obesidad, índice de masa corporal. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Gonarthrosis of the knee is a chronic inflammatory condition presents in patients over 40; obesity as risk factor is of increasing interest for health systems and according to World Health Statistics of the World Health Organization, Venezuela is the country of South America with the highest rates of this condition. Statistics of the National Institute of Nutrition of Venezuela show that Zulia rates are over the national average with 35% of obese. In the practice of Traumatology of La Cañada Municipality we have observed a high incidence of patients with overweight and it stimulated us to do the present study. Objective: to characterize the patients with Gonarthrosis of knee those were attended in the CDC. Material and Methods: a descriptive transversal study was conducted in the CDC of La Cañada de Urdaneta Municipality, Zulia Province, Venezuela from January 2012 to December 2014 with a sample of 360 patients out of a universe of 6740. Results: the lowest age was 35 years and the highest 93, mean 55.5 years. 86.6% were female and half of the patients had family history of osteoarthritis of the knee, while 93% were overweight. Chief complain of 60% of the patients was pain for one year or less. 49 % of the cases showed severe to moderate X ray signs as well as decrease of the muscular force of lower limbs in 71% of the patients. Conclusions: the risk factor most influenced was increased BMI in patients with Gonarthrosis.Key words: Gonarthrosis of the knee, risk factors, obesity, body mass index